Understanding the role of exceptions in programming. 🛠️💡

1. Base Exception Class:-

The base class for all exceptions.

Typically not directly thrown; serves as a base class for specific exceptions.

2. Invalid Argument:-

Thrown when one of the arguments provided to a method is not valid.

Example:-

void DoSomething(int value)
{
    if (value < 0)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException("Value must be non-negative", nameof(value));
    }
    // Method logic
}

3. Null Argument:-

Thrown when one of the arguments provided to a method is not valid.

Example:-

void DoSomething(string text)
{
    if (text == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(text), "Text cannot be null");
    }
    // Method logic
}

4. Argument Out of Range:-

Thrown when an argument is outside the allowable range.

Example:-

void DoSomething(int value)
{
    if (value < 1 || value > 10)
    {
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value), "Value must be between 1 and 10");
    }
    // Method logic
}

5. Null Reference:-

Thrown when trying to access a member on a null object.

Example:-

string text = null;
int length = text.Length; // Throws NullReferenceException

6. Divide By Zero:-

Thrown when attempting to divide an integer or decimal by zero.

Example:-

int result = 10 / 0; // Throws DivideByZeroException

7. Index Out of Range:-

Thrown when trying to access an index outside the bounds of an array or collection.

Example:-

int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3 };
int value = numbers[5]; // Throws IndexOutOfRangeException

8. Format Error:-

Thrown when the format of an argument is invalid.

Example:-

string str = "ABC";
int num = int.Parse(str); // Throws FormatException

9. Invalid Cast:-

Thrown when an explicit conversion between types is invalid.

Example:-

object obj = "Hello";
int num = (int)obj; // Throws InvalidCastException

10. I/O Exception:-

The base class for exceptions related to input/output operations. Often occurs in file operations, network communication, etc.

11. File Not Found:-

Thrown when attempting to access a file that does not exist.

Example:-

try
{
    string content = File.ReadAllText("nonexistent_file.txt"); // Throws FileNotFoundException
}
catch (FileNotFoundException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"File not found: {ex.Message}");
}

12. Not Supported:-

Thrown when an operation is not supported.

Example:-

var unsupportedCollection = new ReadOnlyCollection<int>(new List<int>());
unsupportedCollection.Add(5); // Throws NotSupportedException

13. Overflow:-

Thrown when an arithmetic operation exceeds the bounds of the data type.

Example:-

checked
{
    int maxIntValue = int.MaxValue;
    int result = maxIntValue + 1; // Throws OverflowException
}

14. Timeout:-

Thrown when an operation times out.

Example:-

try
{
    // Perform an operation that has a timeout
}
catch (TimeoutException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Operation timed out: {ex.Message}");
}

15. Platform Not Supported:-

Thrown when an operation is not supported on the current platform.

Example:-

if (!Environment.OSVersion.Platform.Equals(PlatformID.Win32NT))
{
    throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("This operation is only supported on Windows.");
}

16. Security Violation:-

Thrown when a security violation is detected. Often related to security-related operations and permissions.

17. Type Initialization Failure:-

Thrown when the initialization of a type fails.

18. HTTP-related Exception:-

Used in ASP.NET applications to represent HTTP-related errors. Commonly encountered in web applications.

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